The "kapisozi kapisozi" zomwe zinachitika mu April chaka chatha anachititsa mantha anthu za mankhwala (chakudya) wa kukonzekera kapisozi onse, ndi mmene kuthetsa ngozi angathe chitetezo ndi kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha kapisozi mankhwala (zakudya) wakhala vuto mwamsanga kwa kuganiziridwa.Masiku angapo apitawo, Pulofesa Feng Guoping, wachiwiri kwa mkulu wa Drug Registration Department of the State Food and Drug Administration ndi wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wa China Pharmaceutical Packaging Association, adanena kuti chifukwa cha kuphatikizika kwa makapisozi anyama a gelatin kapena kuipitsidwa kochita kupanga. zitsulo zolemera kwambiri kuposa muyezo, n'zovuta kuchiza, ndi njira yokumba kuipitsa zomera makapisozi akhoza kukhala aang'ono, kotero m'malo makapisozi nyama ndi makapisozi zomera ndi njira yaikulu yothetsera matenda amakani a kapisozi kuipitsa, koma zoona zake n'zakuti. mtengo wa makapisozi a zomera ndiwokwera pang'ono.

Chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa matenda opatsirana a zinyama padziko lonse lapansi, mayiko akuda nkhawa kwambiri ndi chitetezo cha nyama.Makapisozi a zomera ali ndi maubwino apamwamba kuposa makapisozi a gelatin a nyama potengera momwe angagwiritsire ntchito, chitetezo, kukhazikika, komanso kuteteza chilengedwe.

Zaka zingapo zapitazo, makapisozi opanda kanthu a chomera adawonekera mpaka pano, m'maiko otukuka muzamankhwala ndi mankhwala azachipatala pogwiritsa ntchito makapisozi akumera mu gawo lapamwamba ndi lapamwamba.United States ikufunanso kuti gawo la msika la makapisozi a zomera lifike kupitirira 80% mkati mwa zaka zingapo.Makapisozi a zomera opangidwa ndi Jiangsu Chenxing Marine Biotechnology Co., Ltd. adutsa chizindikiritso cha mankhwala apamwamba kwambiri a dziko, omwe ndi apamwamba kuposa makapisozi a gelatin a nyama m'mbali zonse, ndipo ndi oyenera makamaka mankhwala odana ndi moyo komanso odana ndi kutupa, mankhwala achi China komanso mankhwala apamwamba azachipatala.Chifukwa chake, makapisozi amasamba ndizovuta m'malo mwa makapisozi a gelatin.

M'mfundo zotsatirazi, tikambirana mwachidule za kupambana kwa makapisozi a dzenje la zomera kuposa makapisozi a gelatin opanda kanthu.
 
1. Chomera chopanda kanthu kapisozi ndi mafakitale omwe saipitsa chilengedwe
Monga tonse tikudziwira, kupanga ndi kuchotsa gelatin ya nyama kumapangidwa ndi kupesa khungu ndi fupa la nyama monga zopangira pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, ndipo zigawo zambiri zamagulu zimawonjezeredwa panthawiyi.Aliyense amene wakhalapo ku fakitale ya gelatin amadziwa kuti zomera zosaphika zimatulutsa fungo lalikulu, ndipo zidzagwiritsa ntchito madzi ambiri, zomwe zimawononga kwambiri mpweya ndi madzi.M'mayiko otukuka a Kumadzulo, chifukwa cha malamulo a dziko, opanga gelatin ambiri amasamutsa mafakitale awo kupita ku mayiko a dziko lachitatu kuti achepetse kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe chawo.

Ambiri a m'zigawo za chingamu zomera ndi kutenga njira m'zigawo thupi, yotengedwa zomera m'nyanja ndi padziko lapansi, amene sangabweretse fungo lovunda, komanso kuchepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa madzi ntchito ndi kuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe.

Popanga kapisozi, palibe zinthu zovulaza zomwe zimawonjezeredwa, ndipo palibe kuwononga chilengedwe.Mlingo wogwiritsanso ntchito zinyalala wa gelatin ndi wochepa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zowononga zowononga kumachitika pamene zinyalalazo zitatayidwa.Chifukwa chake, mabizinesi athu opanga ma capsules amatha kutchedwa "zero emission" mabizinesi.

2. Kukhazikika kwa zopangira zopangira makapisozi opanda kanthu
Zida zopangira gelatin zimachokera ku mitembo ya nyama zosiyanasiyana monga nkhumba, ng'ombe, nkhosa, ndi zina zotero, ndi matenda a ng'ombe amisala, fuluwenza ya avian, matenda a khutu la blue, matenda a phazi ndi pakamwa ndi zina zotero. m'zaka zaposachedwapa zimachokera ku zinyama.Ngati kuwunika kwamankhwala kumafunika, nthawi zambiri kumakhala kovuta kutsata pamene zida za kapisozi zimaganiziridwa.Guluu wa zomera amachokera ku zomera zachilengedwe, zomwe zingathe kuthetsa mavuto omwe ali pamwambawa.
US FDA idapereka chitsogozo cham'mbuyomu, ndikuyembekeza kuti m'zaka zaposachedwa, gawo la msika la makapisozi opanda kanthu pamsika waku US lifika 80%, ndipo chimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu za izi ndizovuta zomwe zili pamwambapa.

Tsopano, makampani ambiri opanga mankhwala akhumudwitsa mobwerezabwereza mabizinesi operekera makapisozi opanda kanthu chifukwa cha zovuta zamtengo wapatali, ndipo makapisozi opanda kanthu amatha kugwiritsa ntchito gelatin yotsika mtengo kuti athe kukhazikika m'malo ovuta.Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa China Gelatin Association, pakali pano mtengo msika wa nthawi zonse mankhwala gelatin ndi za 50,000 yuan / tani, pamene mtengo wa blue alum chikopa guluu ndi 15,000 yuan - 20,000 yuan / tani.Chifukwa chake, opanga ena osakhulupirika amayendetsedwa ndi zokonda kuti agwiritse ntchito guluu lachikopa cha buluu (gelatin yopangidwa kuchokera ku zovala zakale zachikopa ndi nsapato) zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani monga chodyera, gelatin yamankhwala kapena doped.Zotsatira za bwalo loipa loterolo ndikuti thanzi la anthu wamba ndizovuta kutsimikizira.

3. Chomera makapisozi dzenje alibe chiopsezo cha gelling anachita
Makapisozi a dzenje lazomera ali ndi mphamvu zokhazikika ndipo sizovuta kulumikizana ndi mankhwala okhala ndi aldehyde.Chofunikira chachikulu cha makapisozi a gelatin ndi kolajeni, yomwe imalumikizana mosavuta ndi ma amino acid ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi aldehyde, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta monga kutha kwa nthawi yayitali ya kapisozi ndikuchepetsa kusungunuka.

4. Madzi otsika a makapisozi a dzenje la zomera
Chinyezi cha gelatin hollow capsules ndi 12.5-17.5%.Makapisozi a gelatin okhala ndi madzi ochulukirapo amatha kuyamwa mosavuta chinyontho cha zomwe zili mkatimo kapena kutengeka ndi zomwe zili mkatimo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makapisozi akhale ofewa kapena osasunthika, zomwe zimakhudza mankhwalawo.

Madzi omwe ali mu kapule ya dzenje la chomera amawongoleredwa pakati pa 5 - 8%, zomwe sizosavuta kuchita ndi zomwe zili mkatimo, ndipo zimatha kukhala ndi zinthu zabwino zakuthupi monga kulimba kwa zomwe zili muzinthu zosiyanasiyana.
 
5. Makapisozi opanda dzenje ndi osavuta kusunga, kuchepetsa mtengo wosungira wamakampani
Makapisozi opanda kanthu a gelatin ali ndi zofunika kwambiri pakusungirako ndipo amafunikira kusungidwa ndi kunyamulidwa pa kutentha kosasintha.Ndi yosavuta kufewetsa ndi kupunduka pa kutentha kwambiri kapena chinyezi chambiri, ndipo ndi yosavuta kuponda ndi kuuma pamene kutentha kapena chinyezi chachepa.
 
Makapisozi a dzenje la zomera amakhala omasuka kwambiri.Pakati pa kutentha kwa 10 - 40 ° C, chinyezi chimakhala pakati pa 35 - 65%, palibe kusintha kofewetsa kapena kuumitsa ndi brittleness.Kuyesera kwatsimikizira kuti pansi pa chinyezi cha 35%, kuphulika kwa makapisozi a zomera ≤2%, ndi 80 ° C, kapisozi amasintha ≤1%.
Zofunikira zosungirako zotayirira zimatha kuchepetsa mtengo wosungira mabizinesi.
 
6. Chomera makapisozi a dzenje amatha kudzipatula kukhudzana ndi mpweya wakunja
Chigawo chachikulu cha gelatin hollow capsules ndi collagen, ndipo chikhalidwe cha zopangira zake chimatsimikizira kuti mpweya wake ndi wamphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zomwe zili mkati mwake zikhale zovuta kwambiri monga chinyezi ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mumlengalenga.
Zopangira za makapisozi a dzenje la mbewu zimatsimikizira kuti zitha kulekanitsa zomwe zili mumlengalenga ndikupewa zovuta ndi mpweya.
 
7. Kukhazikika kwa makapisozi a dzenje la zomera
Nthawi yovomerezeka ya makapisozi opanda kanthu a gelatin nthawi zambiri imakhala pafupifupi miyezi 18, ndipo moyo wa alumali wa makapisozi ndi wamfupi, womwe umakhudza mwachindunji moyo wa alumali wa mankhwalawa.
Nthawi yovomerezeka ya makapisozi opanda kanthu a mbewu nthawi zambiri amakhala miyezi 36, zomwe zimachulukitsa kwambiri tsiku lotha ntchito.

8. Makapisozi a dzenje la zomera alibe zotsalira monga zotetezera
Gelatin dzenje makapisozi pakupanga kuteteza kukula kwa tizilombo tidzakhala kuwonjezera zotetezera monga methyl parahydroxybenzoate, ngati kuchuluka kwa kuwonjezera kuposa osiyanasiyana, izo pamapeto pake zingakhudze okhutira arsenic kuposa muyezo.Pa nthawi yomweyo, gelatin makapisozi dzenje ayenera chosawilitsidwa pambuyo kupanga anamaliza, ndipo pakali pano, pafupifupi makapisozi onse gelatin ndi chosawilitsidwa ndi ethylene okusayidi, ndipo padzakhala chloroethanol zotsalira mu makapisozi pambuyo yotseketsa wa ethylene okusayidi, ndi chloroethane zotsalira. zoletsedwa m'mayiko akunja.

9. Makapisozi a dzenje ali ndi zitsulo zotsika kwambiri
Malinga ndi miyezo ya dziko, chitsulo cholemera cha makapisozi amtundu wa gelatin sangadutse 50ppm, ndipo zitsulo zolemera za makapisozi oyenerera kwambiri a gelatin ndi 40 - 50ppm.Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala ambiri osayenerera azitsulo zolemera kwambiri amapitilira muyezo.Makamaka, chochitika cha "poison capsule" chomwe chachitika m'zaka zaposachedwa chimayamba chifukwa cha chitsulo cholemera kwambiri "chromium".

10. Zomerani makapisozi opanda kanthu amatha kulepheretsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya
Zopangira zazikulu zamakapisozi amtundu wa gelatin wanyama ndi collagen, yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi bacterial culture agent yomwe imathandizira kuti mabakiteriya achuluke.Ngati sichikugwiridwa bwino, chiwerengero cha mabakiteriya chidzapitirira muyezo ndipo chidzachulukana kwambiri.
 
Zopangira zazikulu za makapisozi a dzenje la zomera ndi ulusi wa zomera, zomwe sizimangochulukitsa mabakiteriya ochuluka, komanso zimalepheretsa kukula kwa bakiteriya.Mayesowa amatsimikizira kuti kapisozi wa dzenje la chomera amayikidwa m'malo wamba kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo amatha kusunga kuchuluka kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono mumtundu wamitundu yonse.

11. Makapisozi opanda kanthu obzala amakhala ndi malo odzaza omasuka, amachepetsa mtengo wopanga
Makapisozi amtundu wa gelatin wanyama amakhala ndi zofunika kwambiri pakutentha ndi chinyezi cha chilengedwe podzaza zomwe zili mu makina odzaza okha.Kutentha ndi chinyezi ndipamwamba kwambiri, ndipo makapisozi ndi ofewa ndi opunduka;Kutentha ndi chinyezi ndizochepa kwambiri, ndipo makapisozi ndi owuma ndi ophwanyika;Izi zidzakhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa kapisozi pamakina.Choncho, malo ogwira ntchito ayenera kusungidwa pafupifupi 20-24 ° C, ndipo chinyezi chiyenera kusungidwa pa 45-55%.
Makapisozi a dzenje lazomera ali ndi zofunikira zopumira pamalo ogwirira ntchito zomwe zadzaza, kutentha kwapakati pa 15 - 30 ° C ndi chinyezi pakati pa 35 - 65%, zomwe zimatha kusunga makina abwino odutsa.
Kaya ndi zofunikira za malo ogwira ntchito kapena kuchuluka kwa makina odutsa, mtengo wogwiritsira ntchito ukhoza kuchepetsedwa.
 
12. Makapisozi opanda kanthu obzala ndi oyenera ogula amitundu yosiyanasiyana
Makapisozi amtundu wa gelatin wanyama amapangidwa makamaka ndi khungu la nyama, lomwe limakanidwa ndi Asilamu, Kosher, ndi odya zamasamba.
Makapisozi opanda kanthu amapangidwa ndi ulusi wachilengedwe wachilengedwe monga zopangira zazikulu, zoyenera mtundu uliwonse.

13. Zomera zopangira kapisozi zopanda kanthu zimakhala ndi mtengo wowonjezera
Ngakhale mtengo wamsika wa makapisozi amtundu wamaluwa ndi wokwera pang'ono, uli ndi zabwino zambiri kuposa makapisozi anyama a gelatin.Mu mankhwala apamwamba kwambiri ndi mankhwala a zaumoyo amatengedwa, kusintha kwambiri kalasi ya mankhwala, kuthandizira thanzi la ogula, makamaka oyenera mankhwala odana ndi kutupa, mankhwala achi China ndi mankhwala apamwamba a zaumoyo ndi zinthu zina. kuti mankhwalawa ali ndi mtengo wowonjezera komanso wopikisana.

Kaya ndi mankhwala kapena chithandizo chamankhwala, makapisozi ndi mawonekedwe akuluakulu a mlingo.Koma 50% yamankhwala azaumoyo omwe amalembetsedwa m'maiko opitilira 10,000 ndi mawonekedwe a capsule.China imapanga makapisozi oposa 200 biliyoni pachaka, onsewa ndi makapisozi a gelatin mpaka pano.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, chochitika cha "poison capsule" chawonetsa zovuta zambiri zamakapisozi amtundu wa gelatin, komanso kuwulula anthu ambiri opanda thanzi m'makampani a kapisozi.Chomera chopanda kanthu kapisozi ndichotsatira chofunikira chomwe chingathetse mavuto omwe ali pamwambapa.Zomera zokhala ndi kapisozi zopanga zinthu zambiri, zofunika kwambiri pakupangira zinthu zambiri, kuphatikiza ndi gwero lazinthu zopangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mbewu imodzi, zimatha kupewa kulowetsedwa kochepa, zotsika mtengo, ukadaulo wotsika mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono kuti agwirizane, komanso kupewa kutsika. - mtengo, wosayenerera, wovulaza gelatin amakhala chinthu chachikulu cha kapisozi.

Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2000, dziko la United States linapanga kapisozi wa zomera, ndipo mtengo wake wogulitsa unatsika kuchoka pa ma yuan oposa 1,000 kufika pa ma yuan oposa 500 tsopano.Msika wamayiko otukuka monga United States ndi Europe, makamaka m'zaka zaposachedwa, gawo la msika la makapisozi a zomera lakwera pafupifupi 50%, likukula pamlingo wa 30% pachaka.Chiŵerengero cha kukula ndi chochititsa mantha kwambiri, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito makapisozi a zomera m’mayiko otukuka kwasanduka chizoloŵezi.

Kuphatikiza ndi zomwe tafotokozazi, makapisozi a dzenje la mbewu amakhala ndi zabwino zambiri komanso zosasinthika poyerekeza ndi makapisozi anyama a gelatin.Makapisozi a zomera sakhala oipitsidwa mwachisawawa, kotero kuti m'malo mwa makapisozi a nyama ndi makapisozi a zomera ndiyo njira yaikulu yothetsera matenda osatha a kuipitsidwa kwa kapisozi.Ndiwofunika kwambiri m'mayiko otukuka akunja, ndipo pang'onopang'ono amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana m'makampani opanga mankhwala, makampani opanga mankhwala, ndi mafakitale a zakudya.Zitha kuwoneka kuti ngakhale makapisozi a dzenje la chomera sangathe kulowa m'malo mwa makapisozi a gelatin, ayenera kukhala ofunikira m'malo mwa makapisozi opanda kanthu a gelatin.